Definitions of Wood

Color is Influenced By

• Soil types
• Minerals
• Water levels

• Available sunlight
• Temperature
• Genetic composition

Variations in Grain are Caused By

• Tree size
• Growth rate
• Climate changes
• Site conditions

• Genetics
• Bird damage
• Insect damage
• Fire Damage

Softwoods vs. Hardwoods

These two botanical classifications are confusing, because there is no direct correlation between the classification and the hardness or softness of the wood.

• Hardwoods have broad leaves
• Softwoods have needle–like or scale–like leaves

Sapwood and Sap Lines

• Contains living cells and performs an active role in the tree’s life processes
• Located next to cambium
• Functions in sap conduction and storage of food
• Ranges from 1 ½” to 2” thick, thicker in maples, hickories, ashes, some southern yellow pine and ponderosa pine, especially in second growth trees